QUESTIONS RELATING TO ATOMS, ELECTRONS AND HYBRIDISATION

Questions relating to Atoms, Orbitals and Electron Configurations:

To test whether you know all that you need to know you must try to answer these questions before you look at the answers!
You may wish to refer to a periodic table when answering the following questions.
Atoms:
1.  How many electrons are there in N^3-?
2.  What is the atomic mass unit for an atom of bromine?
Answers......
Orbtials:
1.  What are the quantum numbers that describe a 3p orbital?
2.  How many occupied valence orbitals are there in Cl and I?
3.  What are the quantum numbers for an electron in a 3s orbital?
Answers.....
Electron Configurations:
Use the information given in the box below when answering the next three questions:

(a)  [Ar]	(d)  1s22s22p63s23px23py1
(b)  1s22s22p63s1	(e)  1s22s22p63s23px13py13pz1
(c)  1s22s22p63p1

1.  Which of the electron configurations above best describes the ground state electron configuration of Cl^-?
2.  Which of the electron configurations above is possible for the ground state of P?
3.  Which of the electron configurations above describes an excited state of Mg⁺?
4.  Is the following electron configuration consistent with Hund's rule of maximum multiplicity?

5.  Is the following electron configuration consistent with Pauli's exclusion principle?

6.  What is the orbital energy diagram that best describes the core electron configuration of Si?
7.  What is the orbital energy diagram that best describes the valence electron configuration of O?
Answers.....

Questions relating to Bonds and Bond Polarity:

To test whether you know all that you need to know you must try to answer these questions before you look at the answers!
You may wish to refer to a periodic table when answering the following questions.
Bonds:
1.  What types of bond exists between the atoms in a molecule of methyl lithium?
2.  What types of bonds exist between the atoms in a molecule of sodium sulfate?
3.  What types of bonds exist between the atoms in a molecule of chlorine gas?
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Bond Polarity:
4.  What are all the bond polarities in a sodium acetate molecule, CH₃C(O)ONa?
Answer.....
 

Questions relating to Lewis diagrams and Resonance:

To test whether you know all that you need to know you must try to answer these questions before you look at the answers!
Lewis Diagrams:
1.  Give a Lewis diagram for the following reagents: HNO₃, H₂SO₄, and sodium azide.
2.  Give the Lewis diagrams for the following molecules: N,N-diethyl-p-nitrosoaniline, triphenylphosphine oxide, methyl ethyl amide and acetic anhydride.
Answers.....
By the way, do you know the names of the structures given above or could you determine the formulas for the names given?  If not better look at your nomenclature!).
 
Resonance:
3.  A carbonyl compound, for which resonance is important is the enolate ion.   Consider [CH₃CH-C(O)-CH₃]^- (but-3-ene-2-olate), see if you can find the two major resonance structures for this molecule.
4.  Aromatic ring systems often display resonance, show what the electron delocalization in a compound like p-nitroaniline would be like.
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Questions on the Shapes of Molecules:
 

1.  Give a drawing that clearly indicates the orientation of the atoms in 3-butenaldehyde, CH₂CHCH₂CHO, in 3D space.   On this diagram indicate the electronic geometry about all non-hydrogen atoms.
2.  Using a diagram, indicate the direction of molecular polarity for 3-butenaldehyde.
Answers.......

Hybridization:

1.  What is the hybridisation around all atoms other than hydrogen in ethene, CH₂CH₂, and ethyne, CHCH?
2.  Draw the s and p bonding interactions for ethene, CH₂CH₂, and ethyne, CHCH.
Answers.....
 

For more details on MOLECULAR GEOMETRY and ELECTRON DOMAIN GEOMETRY please follow the link below Shapes of Molecules